Bio B day 5/7 Study Guide Ms. Suarez
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-classical-genetics/hs-introduction-to-heredity/a/mendel-and-his-peas
Genetics Test Study Guide
Gregor mendel
Monk
“Father of Genetics”
Studied pea plants by crossing the __carpel_(female part) with the __anthers__(male part)
anthers (male parts) of a pea plant of one variety to the carpel (female part)
Discovered that genes get passed from parents to offspring (this is genetics)
Chromosomes have bands of DNA on them called “__telomeres___”
We have 23 pairs or 46 chromosomes in every single cell in our body
Only 2 of those chromosomes, or ONE pair, determine our sex/gender
XX = __female___
XY = ___male_______
Genes can be dominant or recessive
___dominant____is strong (capital letter)
___recessive____is weak (lower case letter)
The big and little letters are called “alleles” because they are 2 different versions of a gene
__homozygous_____is having the same two alleles
2 big letters
2 little letters
Heterozygous is having two ___different___alleles
One big, one small
Mendel discovered 3 laws of genetics
Law of dominance: when two alleles of an inherited pair is heterozygous, then, the allele that is expressed is dominant whereas the allele that is not expressed is recessive.
Law of segregation: allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation and randomly unite at fertilization
Law of independent assortment: the alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another. In other words, the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene.
BUT there were 2 exceptions to these laws which are cause by mutations
Codominance_: both alleles are completely shown (Red + White both shown)
Intermediate dominance: both alleles are blended together (R+W= pink)
Punnett square is a diagram that predicts the probability of inheriting certain genes
Monohybrid= punnett square focused on one gene (ex: eye color)
Dihybrid = punnett square focused on TWO genes (ex: eye color AND height)
Note see:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qIGXTJLrLf8
It can help find a ratio of genotypes & phenotypes
genotype____: a person’s genetic makeup (their alleles for any particular gene)
https://www.nature.com/scitable/definition/genotype-234/
Phenotype___: a person’s physical characteristics (how they look)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenotype
Sometimes Sex-Linked punnet squares can help determine which genes get inherited from either mom or dad
The “Y” chromosome doesn’t carry the genes
The “X” chromosomes carry the genes
Genetics Test Study Guide
Gregor mendel
Monk
“Father of Genetics”
Studied pea plants by crossing the __carpel_(female part) with the __anthers__(male part)
anthers (male parts) of a pea plant of one variety to the carpel (female part)
Discovered that genes get passed from parents to offspring (this is genetics)
Chromosomes have bands of DNA on them called “__telomeres___”
We have 23 pairs or 46 chromosomes in every single cell in our body
Only 2 of those chromosomes, or ONE pair, determine our sex/gender
XX = __female___
XY = ___male_______
Genes can be dominant or recessive
___dominant____is strong (capital letter)
___recessive____is weak (lower case letter)
The big and little letters are called “alleles” because they are 2 different versions of a gene
__homozygous_____is having the same two alleles
2 big letters
2 little letters
Heterozygous is having two ___different___alleles
One big, one small
Mendel discovered 3 laws of genetics
Law of dominance: when two alleles of an inherited pair is heterozygous, then, the allele that is expressed is dominant whereas the allele that is not expressed is recessive.
Law of segregation: allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation and randomly unite at fertilization
Law of independent assortment: the alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another. In other words, the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene.
BUT there were 2 exceptions to these laws which are cause by mutations
Codominance_: both alleles are completely shown (Red + White both shown)
Intermediate dominance: both alleles are blended together (R+W= pink)
Punnett square is a diagram that predicts the probability of inheriting certain genes
Monohybrid= punnett square focused on one gene (ex: eye color)
Dihybrid = punnett square focused on TWO genes (ex: eye color AND height)
Note see:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qIGXTJLrLf8
It can help find a ratio of genotypes & phenotypes
genotype____: a person’s genetic makeup (their alleles for any particular gene)
https://www.nature.com/scitable/definition/genotype-234/
Phenotype___: a person’s physical characteristics (how they look)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenotype
Sometimes Sex-Linked punnet squares can help determine which genes get inherited from either mom or dad
The “Y” chromosome doesn’t carry the genes
The “X” chromosomes carry the genes
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